🏗️ System Design
Master the art of designing scalable, reliable, and efficient systems. Learn system architecture principles, design patterns, and how to tackle real-world system design problems.
📚 Core Concepts
System Design Fundamentals
Learn the basics of system design and architecture principles
Architecture Patterns
Common architectural patterns for building scalable systems
Database Design
Database selection and design for different use cases
Caching Strategies
Implement effective caching to improve system performance
Load Balancing
Distribute traffic across multiple servers efficiently
Security & Authentication
Implement security measures and authentication systems
🎯 System Design Framework
Step-by-Step Approach
Clarify Requirements
- Functional requirements
- Non-functional requirements
- Scale and constraints
- Assumptions and scope
High-Level Design
- System architecture overview
- Core components
- Data flow
- Technology stack
Detailed Design
- Database schema
- API design
- Component interactions
- Error handling
Identify Bottlenecks
- Performance analysis
- Scalability concerns
- Single points of failure
- Optimization opportunities
Scale the Design
- Horizontal scaling
- Vertical scaling
- Caching strategies
- Load balancing
🏢 Common System Design Problems
URL Shortener (TinyURL)
Scale: 100M URLs, 100M reads/day
- URL shortening algorithm
- Database design
- Cache strategy
- Analytics tracking
Chat Application (WhatsApp)
Scale: 1B users, real-time messaging
- Real-time communication
- Message persistence
- Online/offline status
- Media sharing
Social Media Feed (Instagram)
Scale: 500M users, 1B posts/day
- Feed generation
- Content recommendation
- Media storage
- Real-time updates
E-commerce Platform (Amazon)
Scale: 300M users, 1M orders/day
- Product catalog
- Order processing
- Payment systems
- Inventory management
Video Streaming (Netflix)
Scale: 200M users, 4K streaming
- Video encoding
- Content delivery
- Recommendation engine
- Bandwidth optimization
Search Engine (Google)
Scale: 5B searches/day, 130T pages
- Web crawling
- Indexing
- Ranking algorithms
- Query processing
🔧 Design Patterns & Components
Load Balancer
Distributes incoming requests across multiple servers
- Round Robin
- Least Connections
- IP Hash
- Health Checks
Database Sharding
Partitions data across multiple databases
- Horizontal partitioning
- Shard key selection
- Consistent hashing
- Shard rebalancing
Message Queue
Asynchronous communication between services
- Producer-Consumer
- Message persistence
- Dead letter queues
- Message ordering
Circuit Breaker
Prevents cascading failures in distributed systems
- Open state
- Half-open state
- Closed state
- Failure thresholds
📈 Progress Tracking
System Design Fundamentals
75% CompleteArchitecture Patterns
60% CompleteDatabase Design
70% CompleteCaching Strategies
50% CompleteLoad Balancing
65% CompleteSecurity & Authentication
45% Complete🎯 Interview Preparation
Interview Tips
- Always start by clarifying requirements
- Think out loud and explain your reasoning
- Consider trade-offs and alternatives
- Discuss scalability and bottlenecks
- Be prepared to estimate capacity
- Know common system design patterns
Recommended Resources
- Books: "System Design Interview" by Alex Xu
- Courses: Grokking the System Design Interview
- Practice: LeetCode System Design problems
- Real Systems: Study how companies build their systems
"The best system design is the one that meets the requirements with the simplest possible architecture."